Greeners: Journal of Green Engineering for Sustainability

Analysis of Value-Added Activities and Non-Value-Added Activities in the Production Process of Car Body Stands Using the Manufacturing Cycle Effectiveness (MCE) Method

2026-04-20T07:04:08+00:00

PT. XXX is a manufacturing fabrication company whose production process still involves non-value-added activities, resulting in a mismatch between planned and actual timelines, including a three-day delay in the production of the Car Body Stand. This study aims to identify value-added and non-value-added activities, calculate cycle time, and analyze Manufacturing Cycle Effectiveness (MCE) by comparing predicted and actual timelines, as well as to propose improvements to enhance production performance. The findings show that total value-added activities reach 480.5 hours, while non-value-added activities account for 41 hours. The predicted cycle time is 467 hours, whereas the actual cycle time extends to 551.5 hours. The MCE is 88.9% under predicted conditions and 85.8% in actual conditions. After implementing the proposed improvements, non-value-added activities decrease to 27 hours, and the cycle time improves to 523.5 hours, leading to an increased MCE of 90.4%. Overall, these results suggest that reducing non-value-added activities can effectively improve production efficiency and reduce delays.

Effect of the Friction Coefficient on the Efficiency of Goods Handling in Warehouses

2026-04-20T09:01:59+00:00

This study is motivated by the importance of efficiency in material handling within warehouse logistics systems, which is influenced by physical factors, particularly the coefficient of friction of floor surfaces. The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of the coefficient of friction on pushing force and the operational efficiency of material handling in warehouses. The method employed is a direct experimental approach by moving a 10 kg load using a trolley over a distance of 5 meters on three types of surfaces: ceramic, wood, and carpet. Each treatment was repeated 20 times. The observed variables include pushing force, travel time, work, efficiency, and coefficient of friction, which were subsequently analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that an increase in the coefficient of friction significantly increases the required pushing force and travel time, while reducing system efficiency. The ANOVA test produced a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05), indicating a significant difference among the surface types. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a very strong relationship between the coefficient of friction and pushing force (r = 0.990). Ceramic surfaces yielded the highest efficiency compared to wood and carpet. The study concludes that selecting floor materials with a low coefficient of friction can significantly improve the operational efficiency of material handling in warehouses, making it an important consideration in logistics system design.

Quality Control Analysis of Product Defects Using Seven Tools Method & PDCA

2026-05-11T12:08:41+00:00

This study aims to analyze and control the quality of Tank Cold Water OPP model products using the Seven Tools method and the PDCA cycle. Production defect data from June 2023 to April 2024 (15 observation periods) were analyzed using checksheets, histograms, P-control charts, scatter diagrams, Pareto diagrams, and fishbone diagrams. Results show that out of 2,143,806 total production units, 79,995 defective units were recorded, yielding an average defect rate of 3.73%. Based on the Pareto diagram, Foreign Material is the most dominant defect type at 55.51%, followed by Blackdot (30.34%) and Oily (14.15%). Fishbone diagram analysis identified four main root-cause categories: machine, environment, method, and personnel. Corrective action proposals were formulated using the 5W+1H framework, covering periodic machine maintenance, production area housekeeping, SOP updates, and structured operator training. This research is expected to serve as a reference to pursuit of zero defect production.

Students' Level of Agreement on the Effectiveness of Work from Home (WFH) as a Modern Working System: A Hypothesis Test Using the Binomial Distribution

2026-06-22T07:16:59+00:00

Work From Home (WFH) has become an increasingly popular modern working system due to its flexibility and ability to reduce commuting time. This study aims to examine students’ level of agreement regarding the effectiveness of WFH as a modern working system using the Binomial Test. A quantitative approach was employed, and data were collected through a questionnaire distributed using a voluntary response sampling technique. The study involved 50 student respondents whose responses were categorized into two groups: agree and disagree with the effectiveness of WFH. The data were analyzed using the Binomial Test with a hypothesized proportion of 60% and a significance level of 5%. The results showed that 31 respondents (62%) agreed that WFH is an effective working system, while 19 respondents (38%) disagreed. The Binomial Test yielded a p-value of 0.4465, which is greater than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis failed to be rejected, indicating that there is insufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the proportion of students who agree with the effectiveness of WFH exceeds 60%. Despite this result, the descriptive findings suggest that most students perceive WFH positively, particularly because it offers greater flexibility in time management and eliminates commuting time. However, several challenges were also identified, including difficulties in team coordination, distractions at home, limited work facilities, and reduced self-discipline. WFH is generally accepted by students as a modern working system, although its level of acceptance does not significantly exceed the proposed benchmark.

The Influence of Work-Life Balance, Work Innovation, Digital Work Environment, and Employee Engagement on the Performance of Generation Z Employees at PC Partner Company in Muka Kuning, Batam

2026-06-23T14:29:02+00:00

The rapid growth of Indonesia's electronics manufacturing industry, particularly in the Muka Kuning industrial area of Batam, has increased the demand for adaptive and high-performing employees, especially among the Generation Z workforce that now dominates the labor market; this condition raises the need to examine the factors that influence employee performance. This study aims to analyze the effect of Work-Life Balance, Work Innovation, Digital Work Environment, and Employee Engagement on the Performance of Generation Z Employees at PC Partner Company in Muka Kuning, Batam. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. The population consisted of all 30 Generation Z employees at PC Partner, selected through a saturated sampling method. Primary data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and processed with SPSS. The partial test (t-test) results showed that Work-Life Balance (t = 4.487), Work Innovation (t = 5.384), Digital Work Environment (t = 5.797), and Employee Engagement (t = 8.458) each had a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. The simultaneous test (F-test) produced an F-value of 16.363 > F-table 2.76, indicating that all independent variables jointly had a significant effect on Employee Performance. The coefficient of determination (Adjusted R²) of 0.679 indicated that 67.9% of the variance in Employee Performance could be explained by these four variables.